What is the most common risk factor for feline urolithiasis?

• A. Genetic predisposition
• B. Diet and hydration status
• C. Age-related changes
• D. Exercise without hydration

Answer: (B)

Understanding risk for feline urolithiasis hinges on urine concentration and chemistry, which are directly shaped by what a cat eats and how much water it gets. When a cat consumes a dry diet or doesn’t drink enough, urine becomes concentrated, making it easier for minerals such as calcium, phosphate, magnesium, and oxalate to precipitate and form crystals or stones. Diet influences not only mineral load but also urine pH, which can favor different stone types. Because of this, improving hydration—by offering more water and wetter foods—and choosing diets that balance minerals and urinary pH are the most effective, common ways to reduce stone formation. Other factors like genetics, age-related changes, or exercise can play a role in some cases, but they don’t impact this risk as directly or consistently as diet and hydration do.